Missionaries encouraged Native Americans to convert from their religion to Christianity. Peters Indian Agency at the fort enforced the US policy of assimilating Native Americans into European-American society, asking them to give up subsistence hunting and cultivate the land. The fort attracted traders, settlers, and merchants, spurring growth in the surrounding region. In 1819, the US Army built Fort Snelling to direct Native American trade away from British-Canadian traders, and to deter warring between the Dakota and Ojibwe in northern Minnesota. Pike bought a 9-square-mile (23 km 2) strip of land-coinciding with the sacred place of Dakota origin -on the Mississippi south of Saint Anthony Falls, with the agreement the US would build a military fort and trading post there and the Dakota would retain their land use rights. Purchasing most of modern-day Minneapolis, Zebulon Pike made the 1805 Treaty of St. After the US became a country, the fur trade declined, and US Americans gradually emerged as exploiters-desiring forests for timber and land for farms. Īround 1680, first French explorers and then the British arrived and traded in furs for nearly 150 years with the Dakota and Ojibwe as partners. In the Dakota language, the city's name is Bde Óta Othúŋwe ('Many Lakes Town'). The Ojibwe migrated west from the Atlantic states to northern Minnesota where they displaced many Dakota by the 17th century. Dakota are the only inhabitants who claimed no other land they have no traditions of having immigrated and their site of creation is at nearby Bdóte. Evidence says the Dakota were state residents in or before 1000 AD. 1820–1860Ībout a half dozen Native American nations inhabited Minnesota, and in modern times, two nations dominated: the Dakota (also known as the Sioux) and the Ojibwe (or Anishinaabe or Chippewa). Main articles: Dakota people, Ojibwe, Bdóte, and US–Dakota War of 1862 Area that became Minneapolis pictured c. Governed by a mayor-council system, Minneapolis has a political landscape dominated by the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), with Jacob Frey serving as mayor since 2018. The city's public transport is provided by Metro Transit and the international airport, serving the Twin Cities region, is located towards the south on the city limits.ĭespite its well-regarded quality of life, Minneapolis faces a pressing challenge in the form of stark disparities among its residents-arguably the most critical issue confronting the city in the 21st century. Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota's main campus. The city's cultural offerings include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the First Avenue nightclub, and four professional sports teams. Minneapolis is the birthplace of General Mills, the Pillsbury brand, and the Target Corporation. Minneapolis has cold, snowy winters and warm, humid summers. Biking and walking trails run through many parts of the city including the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area, Lake of the Isles, Bde Maka Ska, and Lake Harriet, and Minnehaha Falls. many of these parks are connected by the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. Minneapolis has one of the most extensive public park systems in the U.S. Minneapolis, Saint Paul, and the surrounding area are collectively known as the Twin Cities, a metropolitan area home to 3.69 million inhabitants. Its early growth was attributed to its proximity to the fort and the falls providing power for industrial activity. European settlement was founded along Saint Anthony Falls-the only natural waterfall on the Mississippi River -on land north of Fort Snelling. The site of Minneapolis was originally inhabited by Dakota people. It occupies both banks of the Mississippi River and adjoins Saint Paul, the state capital of Minnesota. Minneapolis was the 19th-century lumber and flour milling capital of the world and has preserved its financial clout into the 21st century. Nicknamed the "City of Lakes", Minneapolis is abundant in water, with thirteen lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks, and waterfalls. As of the 2020 census the population was 429,954, making it the state's most populous city. Minneapolis, officially the City of Minneapolis, is a city in the state of Minnesota and the county seat of Hennepin County.
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